Intervenciones nutricionales para la ansiedad y depresión perimenopáusicas dirigidas a las vías del triptófano y GABA: una revisión narrativa

direction, though their efficacy in perimenopausal women remains to be established. Potential nutritional strategies, including supplementation with Trp and its precursors, inhibition of the kynurenine pathway (KP), and supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, can modulate Trp and GABA metabolism. This review focuses on Trp and GABA metabolic regulation via the gut-brain axis to explore pathogenesis of perimenopausal anxiety and depression and summarize potential nutritional intervention targets, thereby providing a scientific basis for emotional management in perimenopausal women.