El aumento del glutatión celular acelera la eliminación de nanopartículas ultrapequeñas diseñadas de los riñones y el hígado al promover la liberación de exosomas

exocytosed via exosomes instead of prolonged trapping in the lysosomes, a mechanism distinct from the conventional transporter-mediated export of small-molecule xenobiotics through GSH conjugation. Moreover, this promotion of exosome release was found to be independent of nanoparticle treatment but a natural cellular response to boosted GSH levels by NAC. Our findings thus demonstrate NAC supplementation as a potential strategy for accelerating the excretion of ultrasmall nanoparticles from the kidneys and liver, offering insights into the role of GSH in facilitating cellular elimination of