El ciclopirox suprime el crecimiento del melanoma activando la apoptosis inducida por el estrés del RE y alterando la señalización Src/STAT3

N-acetylcysteine, supporting a causative role of oxidative stress in CPX-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, CPX directly binds to the Src kinase domain, inhibiting its autophosphorylation and subsequently mediating a concentration-dependent reduction in STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705. It also downregulates total STAT3 protein levels and Ser727 phosphorylation, indicating multi-level disruption of STAT3 signaling. In conclusion, our findings reveal that CPX suppresses melanoma through dual mechanisms: activating ROS/ER stress-mediated apoptosis and disrupting the Src/STAT3 signaling pathway,