La epirubicina altera la autofagia pancreática y la síntesis de insulina a través de un mecanismo dependiente de zinc

The pancreatic insulin synthesis observed in the EN-50 group was not observed in the EN-300 group. In conclusion, the increased autophagy observed in the Epi group may reflect an adaptive response to oxidative stress. The effects of NAC on oxidative stress may be dose-dependent, and high-dose NAC administration may suppress EPI-induced autophagy via mTOR1-mediated signaling. Furthermore, the relationship among Zn levels, autophagy, and insulin synthesis observed in the experimental groups may contribute to a better understanding of EPI-associated © 2026 The Author(s). Journal of Applied Toxicology published by John Wiley &