Síndrome de malnutrición-sarcopenia en adultos mayores: causas, consecuencias y contramedidas

adequate protein and energy intake, and vitamin D, combined with progressive resistance training, treatment of underlying diseases, and medication optimization. This multidisciplinary approach demonstrates synergistic benefits that exceed addressing either condition alone. Regardless of whether MSS constitutes a unique syndrome, recognizing this clinical pattern serves the pragmatic purpose of identifying vulnerable older adults who require comprehensive, simultaneous nutritional and functional interventions to break the vicious cycle and improve outcomes. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).