El ácido p-cumárico inhibe el carcinoma hepatocelular mediante la promoción de la acumulación de ROS

accumulation. The inhibition of the Nrf2 signaling pathway by PCA further enhanced ROS levels. Hemin, an agonist of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1, counteracts the inhibitory effect of PCA on the viability of HCC cells. And, in vivo experiments demonstrated that the anti-HCC effects of PCA were reversed by N-acetylcysteine, confirming the critical role of ROS in PCA-mediated inhibition of HCC progression. Our findings indicate that PCA suppresses HCC progression by promoting ROS accumulation, suggesting its therapeutic potential for HCC. © 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business