La coexistencia de la deficiencia de hierro y vitamina D en Oriente Medio: una revisión regional con un enfoque en Arabia Saudita como estudio de caso para estrategias integradas de salud pública

fortification and supplementation, are hampered by isolated approaches and a lack of nationally representative combined prevalence data. The top priority is conducting a national survey to measure the prevalence of concurrent ID and VDD. Once this data is available, integrated strategies such as dual fortification, combined supplementation protocols, and culturally-sensitive public health campaigns can be effectively implemented. This framework offers an evidence-based approach to translating epidemiological and mechanistic insights into measurable public health improvements in Saudi Arabia and the wider Middle