Candidatos terapéuticos y estrategias de reutilización para dirigirse a la patología de la enfermedad de Parkinson: evidencia actual y direcciones futuras

genetic profile (e.g., GBA and LRRK2 variants); (ii) combination therapies targeting multiple interconnected hallmarks simultaneously; (iii) development of validated fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers for early-stage patient selection; and (iv) adaptive trial designs that accommodate heterogeneity across the PD population. Integration of computational tools network pharmacology, machine learning, and systems biology with biomarker-defined clinical enrichment will be essential for accelerating repurposed candidates toward meaningful disease © 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business